Anodes

Impressed Current CP Anodes

Mixed Metal Oxide Anodes

The tubular anodes can be manufactured in various forms to suit the intended application: Mixed Metal Oxide Anodes

Single cable tail
Multiple anodes on a string
Canistered

Operating Characteristics And Standard Dimensions

Environment	Anode Size	Current Output
Coke,Calcined Potroleum Backfill	25x500mm	4 amps	20 years
	25x1000mm	8 amps	20 years
	32x1000mm	10 amps	20 years
	32x1224mm	12 amps	20 years
Sea Water	25x500mm	25 amps	20 years
	25x1000mm	50 amps	20 years
	32x1000mm	60 amps	20 years
	32x1224mm	75 amps	20 years

Chemical Composition

Substrate	Titanium (ASTM B348 Grade 1 or 2)
Coating	IrO2 / Ta2O5)

Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) Wire And Ribbon

Wire Wire anodes are used to protect in congested and close proximity locations to the structure providing optimized current distribution.
The wire anodes can be manufactured in various forms to suit the intended application:

Long lengths of MMO wire connected at regular intervals to a header cable
With the anode encased within a cotton bag filled with coke backfill

Ribbon

Ribbon MMO anodes are primarily used in the protection of undertank Above Ground Storage Tank base plates.
Mesh Ribbon MMO Anodes are used in concrete Cathodic Protection for the protection of the concrete rebar.
Titanium ribbon acts as an inert conductor to electrically connect the MMO ribbon anode and reduce attenuation losses and also connects to the positive cable via rod connectors. The titanium ribbon is connected to the MMO anode by spot welds applied at the point of crossover.

Typical Applications
Under tank protection Close anode systems for pipelines Internal Tank Protection

Chemical Composition

Substrate	Titanium (ASTM B348 Grade 1 or 2)
Coating	IrO2 / Ta2O5
Electrical Resistance	1.5mm dia.wire – 0.248 ohms/m 3.0mm dia.wire – 0.062 ohms/m

Nominal Dimensions of Solid Ribbon

Width	6.35mm (0.25")
Thickness	(0.635mm (0.025")
Standard Coll Length	100m
Standard Coil Weight	1.12kgs
Surface Area of Ribbon	0.014m² per/m

Titanium Conductor Bar Dimensions

Width	12.7mm (0.50")
Thickness	0.9mm (0.035")
Standard Coll Length	100m
Standard Coil Weight	3.8kgs

High Silicon Cast Iron

The excellent quality of the ferrosilicon anodes is ensured by the manufacturing with induction melting procedure in a semiautomatic plant which precludes the possibility of metal contamination and guarantees the equal distribution of elements in the end-product.

The anodes are manufactured either by mould casting or by traditional sand casting procedures using strict regulations. The outstanding corrosion resistivity and other favorable characteristics are the result of the manufacturing procedure and this makes the ferrosilicon anodes internationally recognized for corrosion protection systems.

Chemical Composition of High Silicon Cast Iron Anode (BS 1591/ASTM A518-80)

Composition:		Ferrosil S	Ferrosil CR	Ferrosil MO
Silicon	average	14,5%	14,5%	14,5%
Manganese	average	0,75%	0,75%	0,75%
Carbon	average	0,85%	0,75%	0,75%
Chrome	average	-	4,5%	4,5%
Molybdenum	average	-	-	2,5%
Iron	average	the rest	the rest	the rest

Sacrificial Anodes

Magnesium Anodes

Magnesium has the highest driving voltage of materials used for sacrificial anodes and is most commonly used onshore (in higher resistivity electrolytes) where the use of zinc and aluminum would be uneconomical.

Type:

Cast Magnesium Anodes
Cast magnesium anodes are available in standard potential alloy and high potential alloy. The products are made from high quality magnesium ingots and are suitable for a wide range of cathodic protection applications.

Chemical Composition of Cast Magnesium Anodes

Element	High Potential	AZ63B(HIA)	AZ63C(HIB)	AZ63D(HIC)
Mg	0.01	5.3-6.71	5.3-6.71	5.0-7.0
Zn	-	2.5-3.5	2.5-3.5	2.0-4.0
Mn0.5-1.3	0.15-0.7	0.15-0.7	0.15-0.7	0.15-0.7
Si (max)	0.05	0.15	0. 3	0. 3
Cu (max)	0.02	0.02	0.05	0.1
Ni (max)	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.003
Fe (max)	0.03	0.003	0.003	0.003
Other Imp. Each (max) Total	0.05	-	-	-
Other Imp. Each (max) Total	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3

Extruded Magnesium Ribbon Anodes

Extruded magnesium ribbon anodes are produced in standard 1000 ft coils. The length of extruded magnesium ribbon anodes can also be cut to meet customer's requirements.

Chemical composition of extruded magnesium ribbon anodes

Mg	Mn	Al (max)	Cu (max)	Ni (max)	Fe (max)	Other Imp. (max)
Rest	0.50-1.3	0.01	0.02	0.001	0.03	Each	Total
						0.05	0.3

Zinc Anodes

For the manufacturing of zinc anodes we use high-purity (99.99 %)Zn blocks.The melting procedure takes place in the induction furnace, in graphite melting pots, with the application of the metallurgical necessary covering and cleansing salts. The alloy will be cast in oxide- , and inclusion free state. The surfaces of the connections are coated by a zinc layer. The form casting of the blocks is carried out by means of cast iron moulds according to the US MILL, BS, DIN standards.

Chemical Composition

Element	Weight Content
Element	MIL-A-18001 (ASTMB-418 Type I)	ASTM B-418 Type II
Al	0.1-0.5	0.005 max
Cd	0.02-0.07	0.003 max
Fe	0.005 max	0.003 max
Pb	0.006 max	0.003 max
Cu	0.005 max	0.002 max
Zinc	Reminder	Reminder

Aluminum Anodes

For the manufacturing of aluminum anodes we use 99.7 99.99 % purity level Al blocks. The ideal casting is produced by the alloying of the 99.99 % pure metal in induction furnace.
The form casting of the anode is executed in cast iron moldings according to the ordered size and shape meeting the requirements of the US MILL, BS, and DIN standard. The weight of standard anodes is 5-50kg.

Chemical composition of Aluminum Anod

Element	Weight Content
Element	MIL-A-18001 (ASTMB-418 Type I)	ASTM B-418 Type I
Fe	0.10%	0.005 max
Si	0.21%	0.003 max
Cn	0.05 %	0.0014 max
Zn	4-6.5 max	0.003 max
In	0.02 max	0.002 max
Ti	0.025 max	-
Ga	0.20 max	-
Al	The rest	Reminder